Abstract:Hydroxyapatite, the primary inorganic constituent of human bone and teeth, is renowned for its exceptional biocompatibility and biological activity. Recently, nano-hydroxyapatite has garnered significant attention due to its superior bone conductivity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, its lack of inherent antibacterial properties poses a notable limitation. Surface modification of nano-hydroxyapatite offers a promising strategy to enhance its physicochemical and biological characteristics, while imparting it with robust antibacterial capabilities. This paper delves into two prominent surface modification methods: ion doping and surface grafting. Additionally, this article explores the antibacterial efficacy of surface-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and provides a comprehensive overview of the limitations and future prospects of these techniques.