Abstract:Myelin is the insulating structure surrounding neuronal axons，ensuring the rapid and accurate transmission of nerveimpulses. Demyelination and remyelination are involved in the pathological links of various neuropsychiatric disorders，making myelin a critical therapeutic target for these diseases. This paper reviews the fundamental functions of myelin and its role in the progression of neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally，it summarizes the mechanisms and advances in myelin repair as a therapeutic approach for neuropsychiatric diseases.