Abstract:Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) , a multifunctional phosphorylated glycoprotein, has recently emerged as a research focus due to its pivotal regulatory role in ophthalmic diseases. Through diverse molecular mechanisms including modulation of apoptotic pathways, regulation of oxidative stress responses, and mediation of inflammatory processes, SPP1 is intricately involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various ocular disorders such as dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. These findings underscore the significant role of SPP1 in ophthalmic diseases. This review aims to systematically summarize the latest advances in SPP1research within the field of ophthalmology, with the goal of providing novel theoretical foundations and therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of ocular diseases through in.depth analysis of SPP1..s molecular mechanisms.