Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of bronchoscopic drug injection and cryotherapy combined with atomization inhalation for tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB). Methods From May 2019 to February 2023, 60 patients with TBTB treated in Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were selected as the study subjects, and were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases in each group by the central randomization method. The control group received conventional thearpy combined with atomization of anti-tuberculosis treatment, while the observation group received bronchoscopic drug injection and cryotherapy of anti-tuberculosis on the basis of the control group. After 3 months of treatment, sputum negative conversion rate, immune function-related indicators ［CD4+, CD8+, adenosine deaminase (ADA)］, inflammation-related indicators ［γ-interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)］, symptom relief time and adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Results After 3 months of treatment, IFN-γ and ESR levels, and symptom relief time in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05), while the sputum negative conversion rate, CD4+, ADA and IL-4 levels were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05). The incidence of total adverse reactions in observation group was lower than that in control group (10.00% vs 33.33%, χ²=4.812, P＜0.05). Conclusion Bronchoscopic drug injection and cryotherapy combined with atomization inhalation of anti-tuberculosis for TBTB has a good clinical efficacy, and it can effectively improve the immune function, relieve the inflammatory response, and reduce the adverse reactions in patients with TBTB.