Abstract:Previous studies have focused on the role of microglia in inflammatory function in pathological conditions. In recent years, studies have found that microglia under normal physiological conditions play an important role in neurodevelopment, synapse formation and plasticity regulation. In addition, the effects of microglia on neural development and synaptic plasticity are also involved in the maintenance of normal brain activities, and behavioral abnormalities may occur when microglia function is abnormal. In this review, we focus on microglia of the impact on neurodevelopment, synaptic formation and plasticity as well as the regulation of human behavior under physiological and pathological conditions.