Abstract:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of bone and joint characterized by cartilage loss, bone hypertrophy, sclerosis, and synovial inflammation. Chronic bone aging and mechanical stress were considered as the single risk factors that caused the disease for a long time. However, recent advances in understanding OA have highlighted the involvement of other risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia, both of which are now included in the metabolic syndrome (METS). High glucose exposure can cause local toxicity to joint tissues, leading to increased local oxidative stress, protein hydrolases, cytokine production, and aggregation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which in turn accelerates the process of OA. Therefore, this article aims to explore the existing evidence linking OA and diabetes mellitus, to explain the specific pathogenesis of metabolic OA induced by diabetes mellitus.