Abstract:Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 nm to 200 nm, which are secretory vesicles present in almost all cells and carry a large number of molecules, such as proteins, lipids and RNA, on their surface or within their lumen. Exosomes play an important role in the in the process of cell-to-cell signaling, in addition, exosomes also contain many growth factors that have been associated with improved healing of damaged tissues. In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes can have potential improvement effects on orthopedic diseases such as osteoarthritis, muscle tissue damage, fractures, osteoporosis, spinal cord injury, and intervertebral disc degeneration by stimulating regeneration and reducing inflammatory responses. This article reviews the research progress in this area.