Abstract:Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a new regional nerve block technology. Compared with the traditional nerve block, ultrasound-guided ESPB has the unique advantages of simple operation and high safety and has the equivalent analgesic effect to paravertebral block. This paper summarizes the current situation of ESPB and focuses on its specific application in thoracic surgery by exploring the anatomical basis, mechanism of action, methods of administration of common drugs and advantages and disadvantages of ESPB in order to improve clinicians' understanding and promote the development and application of ESPB.