Abstract:Objective To explore the application value of mycobacterium vaccae vaccine assisted antituberculosis regimen in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Eighty-two patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated from December 2016 to August 2018 were selected and were randomly divided into control group and observation group(n=41,each ).In the same period,80 healthy individuals were served as healthy group.The levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3⁺,CD4⁺,CD4⁺/CD8⁺) in peripheral blood were detected after admission.Anti-tuberculosis therapy with isoniazide,rifampicine,pyrazinamide and ethambutol (2HRZE/4HR) was given in control group,and mycobacterium vaccae vaccine was added in observation group on the basis of the same anti-TB regimen as control group.The general data,the lesions absorption rate,the levels of CD3⁺,CD4⁺,CD4⁺/CD8⁺ before and after 4 weeks of treatment and the related cytokines (TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-10) were compared between two groups,and the lymphocyte subsets were compared with those in healthy group. Results The levels of CD3⁺,CD4⁺,CD4⁺/CD8⁺ in pulmonary tuberculosis patients were significantly lower than those in healthy group (all P<0.01).There were no significant differences in gender composition,age and course of disease between control group and observation group (all P>0.05).The lesions absorption rate in observation group was statistically higher than that in control group (95.12% vs 80.49%,P<0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the levels of CD3⁺,CD4⁺,CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and IFN-γ in observation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05,P<0.01),while the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were lower than those in control group （P＜0.01）. ConclusionMycobacterium vaccae vaccine assisted anti-tuberculosis regimen can regulate the levels of T lymphocyte and cytokines in peripheral blood,enhance the immune function and promote focus absorption in the treatment for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.