Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of rare etiology of ophthalmoplegia to provide reference for early diagnosis and timely treatment for patients with ophthalmoplegia. Methods The clinical data of 23 patients with ophthalmoplegia from different rare etiology were retrospectively analyzed. Classification of etiology and analysis and summary of their respective clinical characteristics. Results In the rare causes of ophthalmoplegia, there were 3 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 2 cases of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), 1 case of Bickerstaff′s brainstem encephalitis (BBE), 1 case of Hashimoto′s thyroiditis, 1 case of meningeal carcinoma, 1 case of neurosyphilis, 3 cases of Wernicke encephalopathy, 5 cases of diabetic ophthalmoplegia, 1 case of pituitary apoplexy, 1 case of carotid cavernous fistula, 1 case of ophthalmoplegic migraine, 2 cases of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, 1 case of progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. The patients with ophthalmoplegia of different etiologies manifested the unique clinical characteristics in history, clinical manifestations, adjuvant examinations and treatment prognosis. Conclusion Knowing the clinical characteristics of ophthalmoplegia caused by different rare etiology is the key to find out the causes and make definite diagnosis of ophthalmoplegia.