Abstract:Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rates in China, and even higher mortality rates in North America and other developed countries. Early symptoms of lung cancer are often not obvious, and by the time patients seek medical attention due to symptoms such as cough,chest pain and other physical discomforts, the optimal treatment window is often missed. Therefore, prevention, early screening, and treatment methods for lung cancer have received increasing attention. Currently, clinical treatments for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc., with surgery remaining one of the main methods for treating early to mid-stage NSCLC. This paper provides an overview of the evolution of NSCLC surgical methods, from traditional open lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection to the currently popular video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) and robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(RATS), aiming to provide theoretical support for the selection of NSCLC surgical methods.