Abstract:Common pediatric brain injuries mainly include neonatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, cerebral hemorrhage, etc., which are difficult to treat clinically and can cause irreversible damage and lead to serious sequelae. The pathogenesis of brain injury is complex, and neuroinflammation, ischemia, and apoptosis are generally considered to be the key factors causing brain injury. Based on the strong neural remodeling of the immature brain in children, pediatric brain injury has become an attractive and promising research direction in regenerative medicine. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUMSC-Exos) have great potential in cell-free therapy, and are new strategies and breakthroughs in alternative cell and drug therapy in the near future. This paper reviews the process of reducing neuroinflammation, promoting nerve regeneration, stimulating angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis to repair brain injury by mediating different molecular mechanisms such as different signaling pathways and expression factors.