Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of bifidobacterium tetragenous viable tablets on insulin sensitivity, intestinal flora and glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods Patients with T2DM in Tangshan Xiehe Hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 were selected and divided into control group (n=43) and observation group (n=42) randomly. The control group was treated with metformin, and the observation group was treated with bifidobacterium tetragenous viable tablets on the basis of the control group. The changes of islet function, intestinal flora, glucose and lipid metabolism indexes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results Before treatment， there was no significant difference in the colony-forming units (CFU) of bacterial groups between two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, The CFU of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the two groups were higher than that before treatment, and the CFU of Enterobacteria and Enterococci were lower than those before treatment. The CFU of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while The CFUs of Enterobacteria and Enterococci were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment, the fasting insulin and pancreatic islet β cell function index of the two groups increased and the insulin resistance index decreased. Compared with the control group, the fasting insulin and pancreatic islet β cell function index in the observation group were higher, but insulin resistance index was lower (P＜0.05). The fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the two groups decreased, and the indexes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol of the patients in the two groups decreased compared with those before treatment, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased compared with that before treatment, and the four indexes in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Bifidobacterium tetragenous viable tablets can enhance insulin sensitivity, improve intestinal flora and glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM.