Abstract:Gastrointestinal tumor is the most common malignant tumor and the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although great progress has been made in the research of gastrointestinal tumors, the molecular mechanisms related to their occurrence and development still need to be further explored. The traditional view is that non-coding RNAs（ncRNAs） do not have coding functions. However, recent studies have shown that a small number of small open reading frames(sORF) in ncRNAs actually have the potential to encode peptides or proteins. For example, the open reading frames(ORFs) contained in lncRNA, circRNA and pri-miRNAs have the ability to encode polypeptides or proteins, and these polypeptides can regulate the physiological activities of cancer cells and affect the occurrence and development of tumors. The review is to declare the research progress on the role of proteins or polypeptides encoded by lncRNAs, circRNAs and pri-miRNAs in the genesis and development of gastrointestinal tumors, so as to promote the discovery of more functional peptides or proteins encoded by〖KG)〗 ncRNAs, and further develop new anticancer therapeutic targets and diagnostic and prognostic tumor markers.