Abstract:Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the common complications of major surgery, associated with mortality and long-term adverse events. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) has proposed the definition of AKI, using elevated blood creatinine and decreased urine output as diagnostic criteria. However, this traditional diagnostic standard is inaccurate and requires the assistance of new biomarkers for diagnosis. The risk factors for postoperative AKI can be considered from various aspects, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors. By optimizing perioperative risk factors, the occurrence of AKI can be reduced. The treatment methods for AKI are limited and still focus on symptomatic supportive treatment. Therefore, early identification, diagnosis, and treatment are key steps in improving patient prognosis.