Abstract:T cells are closely associated with tumor development and the homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The co-receptors of immune checkpoints on the surface of T cells collectively regulate immune responses and can inhibit or kill tumor cells by secreting various substances, correcting and restoring impaired anti-tumor immune responses. In recent years, there has been some progress in targeted T cell therapy, but some new immune test targets are still being studied. This article focuses on the role of T cells in the regulation of colorectal cancer (CRC) and TME, the mechanism of immune resistance to CRC and its targeted therapy, and discusses the relevant effects of T cells on the occurrence and development of CRC and the application prospect of targeted T cell therapy for CRC.