Abstract:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) seriously threatens human health. The gut microbiota of CVD patients shows significant changes, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of the disease. The disturbance of intestinal flora is the main mechanism of the occurrence and development of CVD, which is mainly manifested in the increase of the production of its metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and the decrease of the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Studies have found that not only the intestinal flora of CVD patients has changed obviously, but also the perioperative intestinal flora of cardiac surgery patients is affected by fasting time, antibiotics, extracorporeal circulation time, hypothermia time, etc., resulting in changes in the composition and function of perioperative intestinal flora, which directly determined the prognosis of patients, but the mechanism is not yet clear,so this paper reviews this hot spot, and discusses new strategies to improve postoperative recovery of heart surgery patients and promote human cardiovascular health from the perspective of intestinal microecology.