Abstract:Objective To explore the value of real-time shear-wave elastography (SWE) combined with serum biomarkers ［neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100B protein］ in the early diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and prognosis prediction. Methods A total of 106 children with suspected HIE admitted to Xi'an Children's Hospital from March 2020 to February 2022 were collected. Among them, 53 children diagnosed with HIE by real-time SWE were served as study group, and 53 children without HIE were served as control group. The levels of anterior cerebral artery resistance index (RI) , thalamus, cerebellum, middle cerebral artery RI, serum biomarkers and SWE parameters were compared between the two groups. The relationship between above indicators and disease severity, and the significance of SWE parameters for the diagnosis of HIE were studied. Results Compared with control group, the RI of the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery in the study group increased, while the levels of thalamus and cerebellum decreased (P<0.01). With the increase of HIE severity, RI in anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery, the expression levels of NSE, S-100B increased, while RI in thalamus and cerebellum decreased (P<0.01). The thalamic RI, cerebellar RI, NSE, S-100B were positively correlated with the severity of HIE, while the anterior cerebral artery RI, middle cerebral artery RI were negatively correlated with the severity of HIE (P<0.01). Compared with the single diagnosis of anterior cerebral artery RI, thalamus, cerebellum and middle cerebral artery RI, the combination of the four items has a stronger diagnostic value for HIE (P<0.01). Conclusion SWE has important application value in HIE, and has certain correlation with serum biomarkers, which can be used for prediction of HIE changes and prognosis.