Abstract:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main problems threatening human health. It has attracted much attention because it can cause the decline of human cognitive ability, seizures, motor function impairment and personality changes. However, the changes of microorganisms in vivo after brain injury and the mechanism of their effects on the sequelae of brain injury haven't been thoroughly studied. This paper reviews the changes of intestinal microorganisms in human body after craniocerebral injury and their effects on the sequelae of brain injury, including the increase of blood brain barrier permeability and the changes of brain-gut axis. This paper also discusses possible interventions, which can be used as measures to improve clinical prognosis and prevent secondary brain injury.