Abstract:Objective To study the disease composition and change characteristics of disease spectrum of inpatients in a hospital so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of diseases, reasonably allocating health resources and improving hospital management. Methods According to the international classification of diseases (ICD-10), the method of rank sum ratio of disease spectrum was used to analyze the order of disease classification, gender and seasonal composition of inpatients from 2015 to 2019. Results In the five years from 2015 to 2019, the total number of inpatients was 350 792, and the number of inpatients with the top 10 diseases was 317 431, accounting for 90.49% of the inpatients. Circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases and pregnancy, delivery and puerperium diseases were the top three main hospitalization diseases. The consistency of the order of disease spectrum was higher in the 5 years [harmony coefficient (WR) =0.984], and there was a statistical difference in it ( χ2 =44.26, P <0.01). The analysis of different seasons did not change the order of the disease. Conclusion Mastering the change and characteristics of the disease composition of inpatients can help to promote the rational allocation of medical and health resources, strengthen the construction of characteristic key specialties, improve targeted medical treatment level and enhance the prevention publicity and education， so as to prevent and reduce the occurrence of related diseases.