Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of anti-Helicobacter pylori(Hp) therapy combined with recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on T helper type 1/T helper type 2 (Th1/Th2) cytokines in patients with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Methods Seventy-one patients with refractory ITP treated from June 2008 to June 2018 were enrolled for retrospective study and were divided into control group(n=36) and observation group (n=35) according to different treatment schemes.The rhTPO were given in both groups, while anti-Hp was added in observation group.Before and after 2 weeks of treatment, the levels of interleukin(IL)-2, IL-4、IL-10, interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CD19+, B1 cells and platelet count(PLT) were compared between two groups.The recurrence rate within 1 year after treatment was compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(94.29% vs 69.44%, P<0.01).At two weeks after treatment, the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-2/IL-4, CD19+ and B1 cells were significantly lower than those before treatment in two groups and were significantly lower in observation group than those in control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while levels of IL-4, IL-10 and PLT were higher than those before treatment, and were higher in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01).The total recurrence rate in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (21.21% vs 48.00%, P<0.05). Conclusion Anti-Hp combined with rhTPO in the treatment of refractory ITP patients can significantly improve clinical efficacy, increase PLT level, regulate Th1/Th2 immune balance, alleviate clinical symptoms and improve prognosis.