Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of serum chemokine 10 (CXCL10) in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and its predictive value for malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Methods The data of 80 cases of gestational trophoblastic disease in Qinghai Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2019 were collected as the observation group, and 60 healthy pregnant women who received physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group.All cases in the observation group were followed up closely after curettage.The incidence of malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole was observed.The expression of CXCL10 in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its predictive value for hydatidiform mole malignant transformation was analyzed. Results The serum CXCL10 level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the serum level of CXCL10 in patients with complete hydatidiform mole was significantly higher than that in patients with partial hydatidiform mole (P<0.01).After 3 months of follow-up, 13 cases of complete hydatidiform mole had malignant transformation, all of them were invasive hydatidiform mole.The malignant transformation rate was 16.25%.The serum CXCL10 level in the malignant transformation group of hydatidiform mole was significantly higher than that in the non-malignant transformation group (P<0.01).The malignant transformation rate and the serum level of CXCL10 were significantly higher in patients with age≥40 years, abnormal growth of uterine size, serum β-hCG≥105 mIU/ml, recurrent hydatidiform mole, luteinized cyst and hydatidiform mole with diameter≥6 cm (P<0.01).The incidence of hydatidiform mole as a dependent variable and serum CXCL10 as a covariate, and the Logistic regression analysis showed that serum CXCL10 level was the risk factor of hydatidiform mole malignant transformation (P<0.01). Conclusion The expression of CXCL10 in gestational trophoblastic disease patients was significantly increased, and it was a risk factor of hydatidiform mole malignant transformation.