Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on perioperative inflammatory mediators, nerve function and prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury. Methods Sixty patients undergoing emergency craniotomy for traumatic brain injury from September 2016 to September 2018 were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group(n=30, each). Under the condition of maintaining basic anesthesia, 1. 5 MAC sevoflurane was given during milling open skull flap to open the dura mater in experimental group, and basic anesthesia maintained until closing skull in control group. The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in two groups, and acute physiology and chronic health score-Ⅱ (APACHE-Ⅱ) score, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and prognosis were compared between two groups. Results Before surgery, the levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and NSE were similar between two groups (all P>0.05) and were significantly lower in experimental group than those in control group at one hour in operation and 1 day after operation (all P<0.05). NSE levels in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group at the end of operation and one day after surgery (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mortality between two groups (P>0.05). Compared with control group, APACHE Ⅱ score significantly decreased (14.38±1.87 vs 18.27±2.39, t=4.938, P<0.05), and GCS score significantly increased in experimental group (10.28±1.38 vs 8.66±1.02, t=3.896, P<0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of traumatic brain injury, sevoflurane can effectively reduce the perioperative inflammatory response and the damage to neurons so as to play a role in protecting the patients′ nerves and improving their prognosis.