Abstract:Objective To explore the significance of ultrasound guidance on clarifying the anatomical relationship between femoral artery and vein and on guiding for puncture in different postures of newborns. Methods Fifty-four newborns with elective abdominal surgery from September 2012 to August 2017 were selected as study objects and divided into observation group (n=30) and control group (n=24) according to different puncture position. The ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization (CVC) was performed in all cases to record the location, overlap and related parameters of femoral vein (FV). Results The femoral veins mainly located in the inferior part of femoral artery (29 cases, 53.7%), followed in medial (16 cases, 29.6%), and a few in the outer inferior part (3 cases, 5.6%), and fewer in the lateral (2 cases, 3.7%) and in the upper part (1 case, 1.9%). The angle between femoral artery and femoral vein increased gradually at 4 cm below inguinal ligament with gradually increasing femoral vein depth and decreasing non-overlapped width. There was a statistical difference between two groups (P<0.05). In all neonates, the femoral arteriovenous overlap of 2 cm under inguinal ligament was higher than that in the edge of inguinal ligament (P<0.05), and the rates of femoral arteriovenous overlap in the 2 cm under inguinal ligament and the edge of inguinal ligament were lower in observation group than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided CVC can confirm the anatomic relationship of femoral artery and femoral vein in different postures of newborn and can reduce the depth and overlap of femoral vein and increase the unoverlapping width of femoral vein in abduction position of the lower extremities. It has a good application value.