Abstract:Objective To investigate the association of mean platelet volume(MPV) with leukoaraiosis (LA) and cognitive function decline. Methods A total of 192 LA patients and 108 normal controls by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were included in the Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology from January 2014 to April 2016, and the demographic data were collected also. The cognitive function was measured by Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) in LA group and control group. Blood routine examination was performed immediately after admission or at the next morning after admission, and the correlation between LA- related cognitive impairment and MPV was analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in MPV level between LA group and control group [(10.20±1.77)fl vs(10.2±0.96)fl, P>0.05]. Linear correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between the level of MPV and different cognitive functions (visual spatial execution, naming, attention, language, abstract, delayed memory, orientation, etc. )in LA patients (all P>0.05). Stratified analysis showed that when age was less than 51 years old, MPV level in LA group was significant higher than that in control group[(10.36±1.31)fl vs(8.22±1.20)fl, P<0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that MoCA score was an independent beneficial factor for incidence of LA(OR=0.781, P=0.028), and when age was less than 51 years old, MPV was an independent risk factor for incidence of LA(OR=1.067, P=0.017). Conclusion There is a correlation between the increase of MPV value and the occurrence of LA when the patients′ age is less than 51 years old.