Abstract:Objective To analyze the diagnostic efficacy of radial end obronchial ultrasound（R-EBUS）-guided transbron-choscopic lung biopsy（TBLB）in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions（PPL）and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 111 patients diagnosed as PPL who were hospitalized in Anhui Chest Hospital from January 2021 to October 2023 were collected. Fifty three patients who underwent TBLB by R - EBUS guidance were used as the experimental group，and fifty eight patients who underwent TBLB without R -EBUS guidance were used as the control group. The diagnostic efficacy between the two groups was observed and compared，and the effects of lesion diameter and lesion location on the diagnostic efficacy were observed. The operation time and complication rate of the two groups were recorded and compared. Results Out of 111 patients with PPL，58 patients were diagnosed with pathological basis obtained through R -EBUS+TBLB and TBLB，including 37 malignant diseases and 21 benign diseases. The diagnostic efficacy of experimental group and control group was 64.15% and 41.38%，respectively，and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（χ2=5.756，P＜0.05）. For patients with PPL whose lesion diameter was >3 cm，the experimental group had higher diagnostic power（χ2 =5.003，P＜0.05）. The biopsy operation time of the experimental group（6.01 ± 0.13）min was significantly shorter than that of the control group（10.13 ± 0.17）min，and the difference was statistically significant（t =144.128，P < 0.01）. The incidence of postoperative complications such as hemoptysis，pneumothorax and infection in both groups were low，but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion R-EBUS-guided TBLB is safe，efficient，and shortens the operation time in the diagnosis of PPL，which may be widely used in clinical practice.