Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the screening results of high-risk groups in Anqing of the early diagnosis and treatment project for lung cancer in rural China from 2018 to 2023. Methods From 2018 to 2023, high-risk individuals aged 50 to 74 years in certain areas of Anqing City were screened using low dose spiral CT (LDCT). The detection rates of positive lesions were counted and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Results A total of 2 041 high-risk individuals were enrolled, 356 cases (17.44%) had positive nodules; 110 cases (5.39%) were suspected of lung cancer; after follow-up, 30 cases (1.47%) were confirmed, including 19 cases of early-stage lung cancer (63.33%), and 26 cases entered clinical treatment programs (86.67%). The detection rates of positive pulmonary nodules and suspected lung cancers were higher in the individuals aged 70-74, with an education level of elementary school or below, consuming fresh vegetables and fruits ≤1 time/d, having a history of smoking, special occupational exposure, chronic respiratory diseases, or a family history of cancer (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, smoking history, special occupational exposure, history of chronic respiratory diseases, family history of cancer, and intake of fresh vegetables and fruits were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of positive nodules and suspected lung cancer (P＜0.01). Conclusion Targeted screening of high risk groups for lung cancer in rural areas is beneficial for the timely detection of positive pulmonary lesions, improving the early diagnosis and treatment rates of lung cancer.