Abstract:Temporomandibular joint chondromatosis is relatively rare in clinical practice, characterized by nodular metaplasia of cartilage within the synovium, accompanied by the formation of loose bodies. The disease is a benign proliferative disease, and it has also been reported as a tumor. At present, WHO has classified it as an intermediate tumor with local invasiveness. Middle-aged women are generally more prone to the disease. the disease with clinical manifestations mainly including joint pain, limited mandibular motor function, and crepitus. Imaging examinations, especially MRI, are extremely important for evaluating loose bodies and soft and hard tissues in the joint area. Treatments involve loose body and synovial resection through arthroscopic surgery, open surgery, or a combination of arthroscopic and open surgery.