Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of applying antimicrobial drugs and the timing of intervention on pregnancy outcome in patients with risk factors for threatened abortion combined with intrauterine infection. Methods A retrospective survey of 1527 patients with risk factors for threatened abortion combined with intrauterine infection from January 2018 to December 2022 in Zhengzhou Women & Infants Hospital was conducted, divided into the group with antimicrobial drugs (n=471) and the group without antimicrobial drugs (n=1 056) according to whether antimicrobial drugs were applied, and their pregnancy outcomes were observed separately. The impact of the presence of 1, 2,≥3 intrauterine infection high-risk factors on pregnancy outcomes in both groups was also observed. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the age, parity, body mass index (BMI), gestational age prolongation, postpartum infection rate of pregnant women, fetal gestational age, and birth weight between the two groups (P＞0.05). The neonatal survival rate in the antimicrobial agent group was lower than that in the non-antimicrobial agent group (61.36% vs 82.39%, χ2=78.735, P＜0.01), and the rate of complications in surviving newborns was higher in the antimicrobial agent group compared to the non-antimicrobial agent group (26.64% vs 10.57%, χ2=44.973, P＜0.01). Stratified analysis showed no statistically significant differences in neonatal survival rates and complication rates when there were 1, 2, ≥3 intrauterine infection high-risk factors in both groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion There is an overall effect of using or not using antimicrobial drugs on neonatal outcome, but there is no difference in the stratification of different numbers of risk factors.