Abstract:Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common malignant tumors in the urinary system, and the prognosis of advanced RCC is poor. Targeted therapy has become the main treatment for metastatic RCC, but drug resistance inevitably leads to treatment failure in the course of treatment. In recent years, the emergence of immunocheckpoint inhibitors has improved the prognosis of patients with advanced RCC. In the randomized phase Ⅲ clinical study, both first-line and second-line immunocheckpoint inhibitors have achieved positive results, changing the treatment pattern of advanced RCC. However, immunotherapy still faces a series of clinical problems, such as adverse reactions and drug resistance of immunocheckpoint inhibitors, whether there are reliable biomarkers to guide immunotherapy for advanced RCC. This article reviews the clinical research progress and potential biomarkers of immunotherapy for advanced RCC.