Abstract:Cholecystolithiasis is a common disease in China and even worldwide, which is mainly treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, with the development of the choledochoscopic techniques, and in order to avoid the complications of cholecystectomy, “gallbladder-preserving” cholecystolithotomy that emphasizes the patients wishes is also being carried out. With reference to domestic and foreign guidelines and relevant literatures, combined with clinical practice, this article expounds the etiology and mechanism of gallstones, gallbladder functions, complications after cholecystectomy and reasonable choice of treatment plan for gallstone for clinical references and discussion.