Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of indwelling anal canal in laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal cancer with preservation of anus. Methods Seventy-two patients with low rectal cancer in Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to September 2021 were selected for retrospective analysis. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the observation group (laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal cancer with preservation of anus surgery + indwelling anal canal, n=29) and the control group (laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal cancer with preservation of anus surgery + preventive ileostomy, n=43)， and then the perioperative indexes and postoperative complications were compared. Results All 72 patients were completed the operation successfully without death. The operation time ［(173.45±10.62）min vs (184.65±10.77）min］, the first exhaust time after operation ［(44.24±6.34)h vs (76.93±7.35)h］, hospitalization time ［(9.93±1.89)d vs (10.98±2.06)d］ and SAS score ［(42.93±5.78)points vs (54.40±6.36)points］ in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding volume and the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with preventive ileostomy, indwelling anal canal does not increase the incidence of anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal cancer with preservation of anus, which is also safe and effective, and more conducive to the recovery of patients after operation.