Abstract:Asymptomatic common bile duct stone(CBDS) refers to a type of CBDS without biliary colic, fever, jaundice, history of pancreatitis and cholangitis and abnormal liver function, accounting for about 5.6%-14.7% of CBDS. For symptomatic CBDS patients, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) has become the main treatment. At present, the treatment of asymptomatic CBDS is still controversial. The characteristics of non dilatation of bile duct, small opening of ampulla of hepatopancreas and high expectation of treatment of patients have brought certain challenges to the treatment of asymptomatic CBDS. Clinicians should carefully assess the risk of ERCP related complications in asymptomatic CBDS patients, and low-risk patients can be treated with ERCP. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is also a safe and effective method for CBDS patients with ERCP related complication risk factors, ERCP failure and cholecystolithiasis. For some patients with advanced age, poor surgical tolerance, single occurrence and stone diameter＜5 mm can be followed up for observation, and they can be actively treated when complications occur. This article will review the treatment progress of asymptomatic CBDS with different treatment methods.