Abstract:Objective To observe the status of immune cell subsets in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to explore the effect of immune cell subsets on the severity assessment and guidance for the therapeutic choice of ITP patients. Methods Peripheral blood of 21 ITP patients and 22 non-ITP patients without immune related diseases treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from December 2018 to September 2019 were collected, and the immune cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry. The number and proportion of each cell subsets in the two groups were compared, and the curative effect was analyzed. Results The T lymphocyte count (CD3⁺ cells), CD4+T lymphocyte count, T lymphocyte/leukocyte ratio (CD3⁺/CD45⁺ cells), CD4⁺T lymphocyte/leukocyte ratio (CD4⁺/CD45⁺ cells), nTreg cells count (CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^dim/-) and nTreg/CD45⁺ ratio in ITP group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). The peripheral blood nTreg cells/CD45⁺ and nTreg/CD4⁺ of patients in the effective group of hormone therapy had a decreasing trend compared with the ineffective group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion ITP patients with fewer nTreg cells with a phenotype of CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^dim/- may have better response to glucocorticoid therapy and are more likely to relapse. The detection of immune cell subsets in patients with ITP can indicate the severity of ITP and the response to treatment, which has a certain reference value for the choice of ITP treatment.