Abstract:Objective To explore the expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 (S6K1) in endometrial carcinoma tissue and their clinical significance. Methods Sixty-five pieces of pathological filed wax block were collected in the patients received gynecological surgery from January 2013 to June 2015,including 30 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia and 30 cases of benign endometrial hyperplasia.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PTEN and S6K1 in different endometrial tissues,and the associations of PTEN and S6K1 with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer were analyzed.All patients were followed up after surgery.Kaplan-Meier estimator was used for survival analysis,and Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the influence factors of the prognosis of patients. Results Compared with normal endometrial tissue and atypical endometrial hyperplasia tissue,the positive expression rate of PTEN was lower,and the expression rate of S6K1 was higher in endometrial carcinoma tissue (all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in PTEN expression among the patients with different age,different international federation of obstetrics and gynecology (FIGO) stage and whether lymph node metastasis or not (P>0.05).The positive expression rate of PTEN in the patients with infiltration depth ≥ 1/2 of myometrium was significantly lower than that in the patients with no infiltration or <1/2 of myometrium (27.3% vs 59.4%,P>0.05),and it was also significantly lower in low-medium differentiation group than that in high differentiation group (23.3% vs 60.0%,P>0.05). There was no significant difference in S6K1 expression among the patients with different age and different infiltration depth of myometrium(P>0.05).The positive expression rates of S6K1 in patients with stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ (72.4%),poorly-moderately differention(76.7%) and lymph node metastasis (81.3%) were significantly higher than those in patients with stage Ⅰ(47.2%),well differention(42.9%) and no lymph node metastasis (51.0%) (P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the average survival time of patients with negative expression of PTEN and positive expression of S6K1 was significantly shorter than that of patients with positive expression of PTEN and negative expression of S6K1 (P<0.05).Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that FIGO staging,pathological differentiation,myometrial invasion,lymph node metastasis and the expression levels of PTEN and S6K1 were the influencing factor of prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma(all P<0.05),and FIGO staging,lymph node metastasis and the expression levels of PTEN and S6K1 were the independent influencing factors of prognosis of the patients with endometrial carcinoma. Conclusion Both negative expression of PTEN and positive expression of S6K1 are related to the occurrence,development and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma.