Abstract:Objective To summarize the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in the children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis so as to provide a reference for the empirical use of antibiotics. Methods A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 82 children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in Kunming Children′s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019,including 50 boys and 32 girls with a mean age (7.4±4.2) years old (from 2 months to 14 years old).The results of blood culture,pus culture,intraoperative tissue culture and drug sensitivity test were analyzed and summarized. Results Among 6 species of bacteria cultured in 82 cases,all of which were infected by a single species.There were 72 cases of Staphylococcus aureus (87.8%),4 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.9%),1 case of Streptococcus pyogenes (1.2%),2 cases of Escherichia coli(2.4%),2 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(2.4%) and 1 case of Haemophilus influenzae(1.2%). The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was 100%,to clindamycin and erythromycin was more than 70%,to cefoxitin and oxacillin was 30.6%,and to rifampicin was 4.2%. No strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid,furantoin and levofloxacin were found.Among the cases of Staphylococcus aureus infection,there were 22 cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),and the proportion of MRSA increased year by year,but without statistical difference. Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus is still the main pathogenic bacteria of children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in this area.The proportion of MRSA infection has increased year by year,and no vancomycin-resistant strains have been found.