Abstract:Objective To explore the role of serum Periostin in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and its clinical significance in the treatment of asthma by comparing the serum Periostin levels and its associations with transforming growth factor-Beta-1(TGF-β1)before and after treatment in children with bronchial asthma. Methods Fifty-eight children with bronchial asthma at acute stage were selected in whom the blood serum was collected on admission and 3 months after treatment(asthma group). Twenty-seven healthy children were served as control group. The serum levels of Periostin and TGF-β1 were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the lung function was measured in children with asthma. Results The levels of serum Periostin and TGF-β1 before treatment were significantly higher than those after treatment (P<0.05), and forced expiratory volume in one second pre% (FEV1pre%) was lower than that after treatment (P<0. 01) in asthma group. Before treatment, the serum levels of Periostin and TGF-β1 in asthma group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). In asthma group, the serum level of Periostin was positively correlated with serum level of TGF-β1(r=0.311, P=0.004), both Periostin level and TGF-β1 level were negatively correlated with FEV1pred% (r=-0.701, P=0.000, r=-0.645, P=0.000). Conclusion The serum Periostin level is closely related to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in children. It is of great significance to monitor the changes of Periostin level in clinical practice.