Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression level of microRNA (miR)-486-5p in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in order to provide theoretical basis for the effect of miR-486-5p in the occurrence and development of MDS. Methods The bone marrow specimens of 9 MDS patients(case group) and 6 donors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (control group) were selected. Spectrophotometer and denatured gel electrophoresis were used to carry out quality inspection, and then gene expression profiling microarray and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to screen out MiR-486-5p with difference expression for the comparison of their expression levels between two groups. Results Genechip showed that miR-486-5p expression (median expression level post normalization) in bone marrow of MDS patients was up-regulated significantly compared with control group(4.10±1.88 vs 0.91±0.53, r=4.41, t=-3.997, P=0.002). Conclusion miR-486-5p expression in bone marrow of MDS patients is significantly up-regulated maybe through negative regulation of downstream target gene or its signal transduction pathway so as to participate in the occurrence and development of MDS. Reducing the expression level of miR-486-5p may be a therapeutic method for MDS.