Abstract:Objective To detectthe levels of serum S100B protein, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and explore their associations with infantile seizures. Methods A total of 88 infants with paroxysmal diseases admitted from January 2012 to December 2016 were selected as research objects and were divided into epileptic seizure group (n=48) and 40 non-epileptic seizure group (n=40) according to seizure type. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect serum S100B protein, BDNF and IGF-1 levels 4-, and 24- hours after seizure in paroxysmal diseases infants. Forty healthy infants were selected as control group. The levels of serum S100B protein, BDNF and IGF-1 in three groups and in epileptic seizure infants with deferent time after seizure (4 and 24 hours), different seizure duration （convulsionary time＞5 min, convulsionary time≤5 min）and different seizure type (generalized seizure, focal seizure) were compared, and their associations with epileptic seizure were analyzed. Results The levels of serum S100B protein, BDNF and IGF-1 at 24 hours after seizure of paroxysmal diseases progressively decreased in the order of epileptic seizure group, non-epileptic seizure group, control group, and there were significant differences between any two groups（all P<0.01）. Levels of the three serum indexes at 24 hours after seizure were significantly lower than those at 4 hours after seizure in epileptic seizure group（all P<0.01）and were significantly higher in epilepsy infants with convulsionary time more than 5 minutes than those in epilepsy infants with convulsionary time less than or equal to 5 minutes （all P<0.01）. Level of serum S100B protein in epilepsy infants with generalized seizure was significantly higher than that in epilepsy infants with focal seizure （P<0.01）. There were no significant differences in levels of serum BDNF and IGF-1 between generalized seizure and focal seizure （all P＞0.05）. Conclusion The levels of serum S100B protein, BDNF and IGF-1 contributeto the clinical diagnosis of epileptic seizure and can serve as reference indexes for the evaluation of nerve injury degree in infants with epilepsy.