Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) and open surgery in the treatment of renal calculi. Methods Sixty-three patients with renal calculi admitted to hospital from January 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled and divided into PCNL group (n=33) and open group (n=30)according to the operation method.The changes of total hemoglobin (tHb),C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatinine (Cr) levels before and after operation were compared between two groups.The operation time,hospitalization cost,hospitalization time,stone clearance rate and complications were observed and analyzed. Results The levels of tHb,CRP and Cr in PCNL group were lower than those in open group,and the operation time was shorter than that in open group (P<0.01).There were no significant differences in hospitalization time and cost between two groups (P>0.05).The stone-clearing rate in PCNL group was significantly higher than that in open group (87.88% vs 66.67%,χ²=4.091,P=0.043),and the incidence of complications was lower than that in open group (6.06% vs 30.00%,χ²=6.249,P=0.012). Conclusion In the treatment of renal calculi,PCNL has better curative effects compared with open surgery with higher stone-clearing rate and lower incidence of complications.